Recent developments in science and technology hailed the onset of a new era, "The Information Age" which opens up new horizons and offers prospects for the development of a "Knowledge-based economy and society." Considering the distinct possibilities, this era placed within the reach of humanity, Turkey, too, is about to face new challenges by ever-expanding technological capabilities in terms of both equipment and highly-skilled manpower. Therefore, it is universally admitted that Turkish economic and political structures will have to invest more in qualified human resources and R&D during the coming years in order to be effective and competitive worldwide. Also, the lack of qualified personnel who can design and implement science and technology policies/strategies is a major concern for public organizations and leading private companies since it is a paramount need for carrying out the multi-dimensional tasks that are demanded by the information society. This requires an ability to formulate relevant policies for furthering research and expanding domestic scientific and technological capabilities in response to universal developments.